在這裡,我把本研究中用到的許多關鍵書目、文章及資源的名稱歸納在一起,以便你自己開始研究當今的人工智能、積極心理學及價值觀問題。你也可以訪問網站heartificial intelligence.com或johnchavens.com,獲取本部分PDF格式文檔的點擊鏈接。
是的,我會要求你註冊並訂閱我的新聞郵件。我之所以這樣做,是因為我要靠演講、咨詢和寫作養家餬口,歡迎大家向我推薦任何參考信息。我也願意聽一聽你在人工智能、技術、積極心理學及其他任何我想接觸的領域正在做的研究。我由衷地感謝大家買我的書,並花時間讀一讀。知道我的作品會給他人帶來影響是我一生最大的樂趣之一。
不,我不會提到減肥補充劑。除非是要再開一個玩笑,我可能還會再提一次。你可以問問我的孩子——我極愛開玩笑。或許我以前是個奶農。
請注意:雖然這些資源大部分均在本書中有所提及,但還有一些沒有出現在書裡。
書(小說)
Bradbury, Ray. The Illustrated Man.
Dick, Philip K. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Hutchins, Scott. A Working Theory of Love.
書(人工智能)
Barrat, James. Our Final Invention: Artificial Intelligence and the End of the Human Era.
Brain, Marshall. The Second Intelligent Species: How Humans Will Become as Irrelevant as Cockroaches.
Dufty, David F. How to Build an Android: The True Story of Philip K. Dick』s Robotic Resurrection.
Ford, Martin. A Light in the Tunnel.
Ford, Martin. Rise of the Robots.
Neilson, Stan. Robot Nation: Surviving the Greatest Socio- economic Upheaval of All Time.
Rothblatt, Martine. Virtually Human: The Promise and the Peril of Digital Immortality.
Singer, P. W. Wired for War.
Weaver, John Frank. Robots Are People Too.
書(社會學/積極心理學)
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience.
Klein, Stefan. Survival of the Nicest: How Altruism Made Us Human and Why It Pays to Get Along.
McGonigal, Jane. Reality Is Broken.
Tan, Chade- Meng. Search Inside Yourself.
Turkle, Sherry. Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other.
書(經濟學/商業)
Anielski, Mark. The Economics of Happiness: Building Genuine Wealth.
Haidt, Jonathan. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion.
Pentland, Alex. Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread — the Lessons from a New Science.
Roberts, Russ. How Adam Smith Can Change Your Life: An Unexpected Guide to Human Nature and Happiness.
Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can』t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets.
Schumacher, E. F. Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered.
文章
Brain, Marshall. 「Manna.」 http://marshallbrain.com/manna1.htm.
Brain, Marshall. 「Robotic Nation.」 http://marshallbrain.com/robotic-nation.htm.
Gelernter, David. 「The Closing of the Scientific Mind.」 https://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/the-closing-of-the-scientific-mind/.
Havens, John C. 「Artificial Intelligence Is Doomed If We Don』t Control Our Data.」 http://mashable.com/2014/09/16/artificial-intelligence-failure/.
Havens, John C. 「Coming to Terms with Humanity』s Inevitable Union with Machines.」 http://mashable.com/2014/04/11/digital-humanity/.
Havens, John C. 「The Reason Artificial Intelligence Doesn』t Matter.」 https:// www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140620190819-109319-the-reason-artificial-ingelligence-doesn-t-matter? trk= mp- reader- card.
Havens, John C. 「You Should Be Afraid of Artificial Intelligence.」 http://mashable.com/2013/08/03/artificial-intelligence-fear/.
Ito, Aki. 「Your Job Taught to Machines Puts Half U.S. Work at Risk.」 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-03-12/your-job-taught-to-machines-puts-half-u-s-work-at-risk.
Kelly, Kevin. 「The Three Breakthroughs That Have Finally Unleashed AIon the World.」 http://www.wired.com/2014/10/future-of-artificial-intelligence/.
Lin, Patrick. 「The Ethics of Autonomous Cars.」 http:// www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/10/the-ethics-of-autonomous-cars/280360/.
Meyer, Eric. 「Inadvertent Algorithmic Cruelty.」 http:// meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2014/12/24/inadvertent-algorithmic-cruelty/.
Naughton, John. 「It』s No Joke — The Robots Will Really Take Over This Time.」 http:// www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/27/no-joke-robots-taking-over-replace-middle-classes-automatons.
Newman, Judith. 「To Siri, with Love.」 http:// www.nytimes.com/ 2014/ 10/ 19/fashion/ how-apples-siri-became-one-autistic boys-bff.html?_r= 0.
Tovey, Alan. 「Ten Million Jobs at Risk from Advancing Technology.」 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/11219688/Ten-million-jobs-at-risk-from-advancing-technology.html.
Watson, Sara M. 「Data Doppelgangers and the Uncanny Valley of Personalization.」 http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/data-doppelgangers-and-the-uncanny-valley-of-personalization/372780/.
著名網站/設備/應用
Avatar Secrets. http:// avatarsecrets.com/.
Foc.us headset. http:// www.foc.us/.
Gratitude 365. http:// gratitude365app.com/.
Happify. http:// www.happify.com/.
Happiness Alliance gross national happiness survey. http:// happy counts.org/survey.
HAT (Hub-of- All- Things). http:// hubofallthings.com/.
LifeNaut. https://www.lifenaut.com.
Personal. https://www.personal.com.
RoboPsych Podcast/ Newsletter. http:// www.robopsych.com/.
World Well- being Project (University of Pennsylvania). http:// wwbp.org/.
機構組織
The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). http://www.aaai.org/ home.html.
The Greater Good Science Center. http:// greatergood.berkeley.edu/ membership.
白皮書/報告
Standard in development: BS 8611 Robots and robotic devices – Guide to the ethical design and application of robots and robotic systems. https:// standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com/ Home/ Project/ 201500218.
World Happiness Report. http:// worldhappiness.report/.
第10章 活動練習
感激
‧ A問B:「讓你心懷感激的人或事物有哪些?」
‧ B用兩三句話來回答。如,「我感激我的家人,因為……」
‧ A重複B之所以感激的原因:「你感激你的家人,因為……」
‧ A和B互換,重複上述步驟。
利他主義
‧ A問B:「你在工作或在家時所想到的、值得與人分享的想法是什麼,為什麼?」
‧ B用三四句話來回答。
‧ A稱讚B,從具體的方面說出自己覺得該想法有用的原因。
‧ A和B互換,重複上述步驟。
心流
‧ A問B:「你上次沉浸在工作或某項活動中,是在什麼時候?」忘記自我就叫作「心流」——正如前面提到的,是做一件你很拿手的活動時的心理體驗。
‧ B用三四句話來回答。
‧ A問:「在工作或某項活動上多花時間會如何改善你的生活?」
‧ A和B互換,重複上述步驟。
連接幸福與行動
追蹤前幸福評估
馬丁·塞利格曼博士是賓夕法尼亞大學傑出的心理學教授、積極心理學的創始人。2011年,他在《持續的幸福》一書中提出了幸福的五大支柱,簡稱為PERMA(即積極情緒、投入、人際關係、意義和目的、成就)。PERMA分析方法可以對這五大支柱以及消極情緒與健康進行測量。
請閱讀以下問題,並勾選你感覺最能描述你的分數。請如實作答——答案沒有對錯之分。1代表「完全不」或「永遠不」,10代表「完全是」或「永遠是」。
(續表)
瞭解你所看重的東西
科學研究表明,如果我們不能依照自己的價值觀生活,那麼我們的幸福感便會降低。這同時還涉及價值觀之間的相互作用,這些價值觀決定了我們在生活中所採取的許多行動。
請花一點兒時間思考你是誰,你在生活中看重的東西有哪些。然後,請閱讀以下對不同人的描述。請逐條閱讀各個描述,並標示出所描述之人跟你有多大程度的相似。請如實作答——答案沒有對錯之分。所有描述均無好壞之別,只是對不同人的描述而已。請標示出以下每一條的描述跟你的相似度有多少(1代表一點兒也不像你,10代表完全像你)。
(續表)
如要進一步測試,請訪問http://www.yourmorals.org/explore.php網站,並點擊「施瓦茨價值觀量表」旁邊的註冊鏈接。